
Paras Hospital, Panchkula
Multi-Speciality

Paras Hospital, Panchkula, is a NABH- and NABL-accredited multispecialty hospital and one of the most trusted healthcare institutions in the Tricity region. Part of the established Paras Health network, the hospital has built a strong reputation for clinical excellence, patient-centred care, and advanced medical technology across 29 specialities and sub-specialities. Recognised as the Most Trusted Hospital of the Tricity in 2025, it is the preferred choice for patients from Panchkula, Chandigarh, Mohali, and beyond, as well as for international patients seeking affordable, world-class treatment in India.
Key Highlights:
- 250-bed capacity with ultra-modern, modular infrastructure
- NABH-accredited hospital
- NABL-accredited laboratory for reliable diagnostics
- 29 specialities and sub-specialities under one roof
- 68+ experienced specialist doctors and 353+ trained paramedical staff
- Robotic surgery capabilities across urology, gynaecology, and orthopaedics
- 3.0 Tesla MRI, 128-slice CT, PET Scan, and Gamma Camera for precise diagnostics
- 24/7 emergency, trauma, and critical care with advanced ICU infrastructure
- CGHS is empanelled and offers cashless treatment with all major TPAs and insurers
- Dedicated international patient desk with visa, interpreter, and transfer support
Location & Accessibility
Paras Hospital, Panchkula Address: Near Nada Sahib Gurudwara, Sector 22, Panchkula, Haryana, 134109
Airport: Chandigarh International Airport is approximately 20-25 kilometres from the hospital, roughly 30-40 minutes by car, making it highly accessible for domestic and international patients flying into Chandigarh.
Rail: Chandigarh Railway Station is approximately 10-12 kilometres away, about 20-25 minutes by road. Panchkula is also well-connected to Chandigarh and Mohali by local transport.
Road: Panchkula is directly connected to Chandigarh and Mohali via National Highway 7 and the Chandigarh-Shimla Highway. The hospital is accessible by auto-rickshaw, taxi, and cab services.
Awards & Recognitions
Paras Hospital Panchkula has been consistently recognised for clinical excellence, innovation, and patient-centred care:
- Most Trusted Hospital of the Tricity, Big FM 92.7, 2025
- Pioneer in Stem Cell Transplantation, Zee Punjab Haryana Himachal Health Conclave, 2024
- Best Neuroscience Speciality Hospital, Awarded at Zee Punjab Haryana Himachal Health Conclave, 2024
- Smart and Future Ready Cancer Hospital, Honoured at IHW Smart Hospitals & Diagnostics Summit & Awards, 2024
- No. 1 Plastic Surgery Hospital in Panchkula, Ranked by All India Lifestyle Hospital Ranking Survey, Times of India, 2024
- Top 6 in Plastic Surgery, National Ranking – All India Lifestyle Hospital & Clinic Ranking Survey, Times Health, 2024
- Top 5 in Plastic Surgery, North Region – All India Lifestyle Hospital & Clinic Ranking Survey, Times Health, 2024
Centres of Excellence & Treatment Options at Paras Hospital, Panchkula
At Paras Hospital, Panchkula, every centre of excellence is designed to deliver precision-driven, patient-first care supported by advanced technology and a multidisciplinary approach.
Paras Cancer Centre
Paras Cancer Centre at Panchkula is a comprehensive oncology unit delivering end-to-end cancer care, from early detection and accurate diagnosis to advanced treatment. The centre brings together surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and haemato-oncologists to create truly personalised treatment plans for each patient. Recognised as a Smart and Future Ready Cancer Hospital in 2024, the centre is equipped with a Linear Accelerator for radiation therapy and specialises in blood cancers, solid tumours, and bone marrow transplantation. The department’s Pioneer in Stem Cell Transplantation recognition underlines its leadership in advanced haematological oncology within the Tricity region.
Conditions Treated: Breast cancer, blood cancers (leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancers, gynaecological cancers (ovarian, cervical, uterine), skin cancers, bone and soft tissue sarcoma, brain tumours and metastases, pancreatic cancer, laryngeal and oral cancers, aplastic anaemia
Treatment Options
- Medical Oncology: Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and personalised drug regimens
- Surgical Oncology: Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted tumour removal, organ-preserving surgeries, breast conservation surgery
- Radiation Therapy: Linear Accelerator-based precision radiotherapy
- Bone Marrow & Stem Cell Transplant: Autologous and allogeneic BMT for blood cancers and aplastic anaemia
- Haemato-Oncology: Specialised care for leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma
Oncology Department Highlights
- Advanced diagnostics, including PET Scan, Gamma Camera, and genomic/molecular testing
Neurosciences: Brain & Spine Care
Paras Institute of Neurosciences at Panchkula is a premier neurological care hub that addresses disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Awarded Best Neuroscience Specialty Hospital by Zee PHH Health Conclave 2024, the department combines groundbreaking treatments with advanced imaging and dedicated neuro-rehabilitation services. The team of expert neurologists and neurosurgeons employs minimally invasive techniques and cutting-edge diagnostics to manage conditions ranging from stroke and epilepsy to complex brain tumours and movement disorders.
Conditions Treated: Stroke, brain tumours, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, movement disorders, spine disorders (herniated disc, spinal stenosis, scoliosis), traumatic brain injury, cerebral aneurysm, dementia, CSF rhinorrhea, craniosynostosis, Parkinson’s disease, ataxia
Treatment Options
- Stroke Care: Emergency thrombolysis, clot retrieval, and rapid neuro-intervention
- Neurosurgery & Neurosurgical Oncology: Brain tumour removal, minimally invasive cranial surgery
- Spine Surgery: Spinal fusion, disc replacement, spinal decompression, scoliosis correction
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): For Parkinson’s disease, essential tremors, dystonia
- Epilepsy Surgery: Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), advanced seizure management
- Interventional Neuroradiology: Cerebral aneurysm coiling, AVM management, thrombectomy
- Neuro-Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, cognitive rehab
- Paediatric Neurology: Epilepsy, autism, cerebral palsy, developmental delays
Liver Transplant & GI Surgery
The Liver Transplant and GI Surgery department at Paras Hospital, Panchkula, is led by senior specialists with expertise in complex hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and GI surgeries. The department manages end-stage liver disease, GI cancers, and complex surgical conditions, providing life-saving interventions with structured post-operative care.
Conditions Treated: End-stage liver disease, liver cancer, biliary tract conditions, pancreatitis, carcinoma pancreas, GI cancers (colorectal, oesophageal), hernia, appendicitis, gallbladder conditions
Treatment Options
- Liver Transplant: Specialist evaluation, surgical intervention, and post-transplant care
- HPB Surgery: Complex liver, pancreas, and bile duct resections
- Laparoscopic & Minimally Invasive GI Surgery: Appendectomy, cholecystectomy, bowel resection
- Bariatric Surgery: Weight-loss surgical interventions
- GI Oncosurgery: Tumour removal for GI and colorectal cancers
Cardiac Sciences: Heart & Vascular Treatments
The Cardiac Sciences department at Paras Hospital Panchkula, delivers comprehensive heart care, from preventive cardiology and non-invasive diagnostics to complex interventional procedures and cardiac surgery. The department is led by the Chairman of Interventional Cardiology and the Chairman of CTVS, bringing decades of combined expertise to every patient.
Conditions Treated: Coronary artery disease, valve disorders, heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease
Treatment Options
- Interventional Cardiology: Angioplasty, coronary stenting, EP ablation, device implantation
- Cardiac Surgery (CTVS): CABG (bypass), valve repair and replacement, complex re-operations
- Non-Invasive Diagnostics: ECG, 2D Echo, TMT, Holter monitoring, cardiac MRI
- Vascular Surgery & Interventional Radiology: Aortic aneurysm repair, varicose vein treatment, peripheral angioplasty
- Cardiac Rehabilitation: Post-surgery recovery, lifestyle, and diet management programmes
Renal Sciences: Kidney & Urological Care
The Renal Sciences and Urology department offers a complete spectrum of kidney and urological care, including kidney transplant, dialysis, and advanced robotic urological procedures. The department brings precision robotics to urological care in the Tricity region.
Conditions Treated: Kidney failure, kidney stones, urinary tract cancers, prostate disorders, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder disorders, urethral strictures
Treatment Options
- Kidney Transplant: Living and cadaver donor protocols
- Dialysis: Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
- Robotic Urological Surgery: Robotic prostatectomy, nephrectomy
- Laser Stone Removal: Minimally invasive endourology
- Uroflowmetry and cystoscopy for urological diagnostics
Orthopaedics & Joint Replacement
The Orthopaedics department at Paras Hospital Panchkula is ranked nationally for its plastic and orthopaedic outcomes. The department handles the full spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions, from robotic joint replacement to complex trauma surgery and sports injuries.
Conditions Treated: Arthritis, fractures, ligament injuries, spinal disorders, sports injuries, congenital bone deformities, bone tumours
Treatment Options
- Robotic Knee & Hip Replacement: Precision robotics for improved implant outcomes
- Arthroscopy: Keyhole surgery for sports and joint injuries
- Trauma Surgery: Complex fracture fixation, polytrauma management
- Spine Surgery: Disc replacement, deformity correction, scoliosis surgery
- Ortho-Oncology: Bone tumour resection
Gastro Sciences: Gastroenterology & Hepatology
The Gastro Sciences department provides advanced endoscopic, therapeutic, and surgical interventions for the full range of digestive and liver disorders, supported by FibroScan and high-end endoscopy technology.
Conditions Treated: Liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, GI cancers, GERD, IBD, digestive tract disorders
Treatment Options
- Upper GI Endoscopy & Colonoscopy: Diagnostic and therapeutic
- ERCP & EUS: For bile duct and pancreatic conditions
- FibroScan: Non-invasive liver fibrosis assessment
- GI Surgery: Tumour removal, bariatric surgery, complex resections
Additional Specialities
- Pulmonology: Asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, sleep apnoea (led by Senior Director)
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology: Maternity care, fertility services, gynaecological surgeries
- Paediatrics: NICU, PICU, paediatric surgeries, child wellness and development
- Dermatology & Cosmetology: Laser treatments, skin surgeries, aesthetic procedures
- Endocrinology: Diabetes management, thyroid, and hormone disorders
- ENT, Head & Neck Surgery: Endoscopy, laser ENT procedures, head and neck tumours
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery: Nationally ranked; cosmetic, burn, and reconstructive surgeries
- Psychiatry & Mental Health: Anxiety, depression, addiction treatment
- Ophthalmology: Cataract, LASIK, retinal disorders, glaucoma
- Dentistry: General and advanced dental procedures
- Critical Care & Emergency Medicine: 24×7 emergency, ICU, advanced life support
- Internal Medicine: Comprehensive general medicine and chronic disease management
Top Doctors at Paras Hospital, Panchkula – Department-Wise List
For Paras Hospital Panchkula, Cancer Rounds can assist with direct coordination for doctors’ lists and appointments with specific specialists.
| Name | Designation | Speciality |
| Dr. Ajay Sharma | Director & HOD | Haematology & Haemato-Oncology |
| Dr. Rajeshwar Singh | Director | Medical Oncology |
| Dr. Chitresh Aggarwal | Associate Director | Medical Oncology |
| Dr. Rajan Sahu | Associate Director | Surgical Oncology |
| Dr. Ishaan Allahabadi | Senior Consultant | Surgical Oncology |
| Dr. Romeeta Trehan | Senior Consultant | Radiation Oncology |
| Dr. Anurag Lamba | Director | Neurology |
| Dr. Deepak Gupta | Senior Director | Neurology |
| Dr. Gaurav Sharma | Senior Consultant | Neurosurgery |
| Dr. Ankit Amar Gupta | Consultant | Neurosurgery |
| Dr. Anurag Sharma | Chairman | Interventional Cardiology |
| Dr. Deepak Puri | Chairman | CTVS (Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery) |
| Dr. Air Cmde Gurwinder Singh Sethi | Director | Urology & Kidney Transplant |
| Dr. Manish Singla | Director | Urology |
| Dr. Ankur Garg | Group Director & HOD | Liver Transplant & GI Surgery |
| Dr. Ravi Kumar Gupta | Chairman | Orthopaedics |
| Dr. Jagandeep Virk | Senior Consultant | Orthopaedics & Ortho-Oncology |
| Dr. Amit Kumar Mandal | Senior Director | Pulmonology |
Infrastructure & Facilities at Paras Hospital, Panchkula
Infrastructure
Paras Hospital Panchkula is built to international healthcare standards, combining clinical excellence with patient comfort in a purpose-built facility.
- 250 beds across specialised wards and ICUs
- Modular operating theatres with laminar airflow systems for infection control
- Dedicated ICUs, Cardiac, Neuro, Surgical, Paediatric, and Neonatal (NICU/PICU)
- 24×7 fully equipped emergency and trauma bay with rapid triage
- GPS-enabled ambulances for fast patient transfers
- In-patient room categories from the general ward to private and VIP suites with Wi-Fi and room service
- Patient and family lounges, on-site cafeteria, and ample parking
Advanced Medical Technology
- 3.0 Tesla MRI: High-resolution imaging of the brain, spine, joints, and soft tissues
- 1.5 Tesla MRI: Routine MRI scans across specialities
- 128-Slice CT Scanner: Rapid, precise imaging of internal organs and vasculature
- PET Scan: Cancer detection, staging, and treatment monitoring
- Gamma Camera: Nuclear medicine imaging for oncology and thyroid disorders
- Linear Accelerator: Precision radiation therapy for cancer treatment
- DEXA Scan: Bone mineral density measurement for osteoporosis
- EEG / EMG / NCV: Neurological function testing, epilepsy, nerve, and muscle disorders
Diagnostics
Radiology & Imaging
- MRI Scans: 3.0 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla for brain, spine, joints, and soft tissues
- CT Scans: 128-slice CT for internal organs and vascular imaging
- PET Scans: For cancer staging and monitoring
- Gamma Camera: Nuclear medicine and thyroid imaging
- Digital X-Ray: Low radiation, high-quality imaging
- Ultrasound & Doppler: Abdominal, obstetric, cardiac, and vascular
Pathology & Laboratory (NABL Accredited)
- Clinical Biochemistry: Blood sugar, liver function, kidney function, lipid profiles
- Haematology: Complete blood counts, anaemia panel, coagulation studies
- Microbiology: Culture and sensitivity, infection diagnosis
- Histopathology & Cytology: Tissue biopsy, FNAC, Pap smear
Oncology Diagnostics
- PET-CT: Cancer staging, treatment response monitoring
- Bone Marrow Aspiration & Biopsy: For leukaemia and lymphoma diagnosis
- Tumour Marker Tests: PSA, CA-125, CEA, AFP
- Genomic & Molecular Testing: Mutation analysis for targeted therapy selection
Neurology Diagnostics
- EEG (Electroencephalogram): Brain activity monitoring for epilepsy
- EMG & Nerve Conduction Studies (NCV): Nerve and muscle function
- MRI Brain and Spine: For stroke, tumours, and neurological conditions
- Transcranial Doppler (TCD): Brain blood flow assessment for stroke risk
Cardiac Diagnostics
- 2D Echocardiography: Heart structure and function
- TMT (Treadmill Test): Cardiac stress testing
- Holter Monitoring: 24-48 hour heart rhythm tracking
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Immediate heart activity evaluation
Women’s Health & Other Diagnostics
- Obstetric Ultrasound: Pregnancy monitoring and high-risk assessment
- Mammography: Breast cancer screening
- Uroflowmetry & Cystoscopy: Urological assessment
- DEXA Scan: Bone density for osteoporosis screening
- Sleep Studies: For sleep apnoea and related conditions
Recent Advancements
Paras Hospital Panchkula continues to invest in clinical innovation to bring the latest treatments to patients in the Tricity region:
- Pioneer recognition in Stem Cell Transplantation
- Robotic Surgery expansion
- Linear Accelerator for Radiation Oncology
Stay and Accommodation:
| Category | Hotel Name | Approx. Price per Night | Distance from Hospital |
| Budget | Hotel White Pearl, Panchkula | ₹1,200 – ₹2,000 | ~2 km |
| Mid-range | Hotel Mountview, Chandigarh | ₹3,500 – ₹5,500 | ~8 km |
| Luxury | Hyatt Regency Chandigarh | ₹8,000 – ₹14,000 | ~10 km |
International Patient Services (via Cancer Rounds)
When you choose Cancer Rounds for your treatment at Paras Hospital, Panchkula, your entire medical journey is managed seamlessly from enquiry to recovery. Cancer Rounds acts as your dedicated partner, ensuring every step, from the first consultation to discharge and follow-up, is handled with care and transparency.
International Patient Services
- Medical Visa Assistance: We prepare your invitation letter, document checklist, and provide visa guidance to ensure a smooth entry into India.
- Airport Transfers: Comfortable, safe, and pre-arranged pickup and drop-off between Chandigarh International Airport and Paras Hospital, Panchkula.
- Language Support: Interpreter services available for Arabic, French, African languages, and more.
- Dedicated International Coordinator: A single point of contact from your first inquiry to discharge and post-treatment follow-up.
Visiting & Admission Process
- Planned Admissions: Coordinated following physician evaluation, pre-treatment documentation, and insurance verification.
- Emergency Admissions: 24/7 readiness with ambulance coordination and rapid triage on arrival.
- Discharge Process: Patients receive a detailed treatment summary, medication plan, and structured follow-up schedule.
Insurance Coverage & Payment Assistance
- Cashless & Reimbursement Options: Available depending on your insurer’s policy and Paras Hospital’s empanelment status.
- International Insurance Support: Our team assists with international insurance documentation and liaises with your insurance provider. Always confirm coverage details, exclusions, and required documentation with your insurance partner prior to travel.
- CGHS, TPA, and corporate empanelment are available for eligible patients.
Treatment Cost Estimates at Paras Hospital, Panchkula
The following figures represent estimated treatment costs at Paras Hospital, Panchkula.
| Treatment Type | Estimated Cost (INR) | Estimated Cost (USD) |
| Bone Marrow Transplant (Autologous) | ₹15,00,000 – ₹25,00,000 | $18,000 – $30,000 |
| Bone Marrow Transplant (Allogeneic) | ₹22,00,000 – ₹35,00,000 | $26,000 – $42,000 |
| Kidney Transplant | ₹10,50,000 – ₹15,00,000 | $12,000 – $15,000 |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) | ₹3,50,000 – ₹5,50,000 | $4,200 – $6,500 |
| Knee Replacement (Single) | ₹3,00,000 – ₹4,50,000 | $3,600 – $5,400 |
| Hip Replacement (Single) | ₹3,00,000 – ₹4,50,000 | $3,600 – $5,400 |
| Spine Surgery (Complex) | ₹4,50,000 – ₹9,00,000 | $5,400 – $10,800 |
| Robotic Surgery (General) | ₹5,00,000 – ₹8,00,000 | $6,000 – $9,600 |
| Robotic Prostate Surgery | ₹5,00,000 – ₹8,00,000 | $6,000 – $9,600 |
| Radiation Therapy | ₹1,70,000 – ₹7,20,000 | $2,100 – $9,000 |
| Chemotherapy (per cycle) | ₹37,000 – ₹6,50,000 per session | $450 – $8,000 per session |
| Liver Cancer Treatment (Chemo/Targeted) | ₹30,000 – ₹1,00,000 per cycle | $360 – $1,200 per cycle |
Note: All costs are indicative and may vary depending on the patient’s specific condition, treatment protocol, duration of stay, and room category. For a personalised cost estimate, please contact the Cancer Rounds team.
Appointment Booking at Paras Hospital, Panchkula
Cancer Round is here to help you book your appointment with Paras Hospital, Panchkula.
Whether you need a first consultation, a second opinion, or a follow-up review, Cancer Rounds ensures a smooth and stress-free booking experience so you can focus entirely on your health.
Cancer Rounds assists with:
- Appointment bookings with the right specialist for your condition
- Second opinion coordination with senior consultants
- Detailed cost estimates and treatment planning before your visit
- Timely scheduling to minimise waiting and travel inconvenience
Simply fill out the form on our website or reach out to us on WhatsApp directly. Our patient coordinators will guide you through every step.
Patient Feedback on Paras Hospital, Panchkula
Paras Hospital Panchkula consistently earns strong praise from patients across India and internationally. Recurring themes in patient feedback highlight the hospital’s standout qualities:
Expert, Compassionate Doctors
Patients frequently commend the medical team’s expertise and approachability, particularly in cardiology, oncology, neurology, and orthopaedics. Specialists are noted for their ability to explain diagnoses clearly and devise personalised treatment plans.
Advanced Technology & Precision Care
Patients repeatedly highlight the availability of robotic surgery, advanced imaging (3T MRI, PET Scan), and precision radiation therapy.
Seamless International Patient Experience
International patients from Africa, the Middle East, and CIS countries often commend the hospital’s well-organised international desk, dedicated coordinators, and language support services, making the entire treatment journey smooth and reassuring.
Cleanliness & Well-Maintained Facilities
Consistent feedback notes the hospital’s clean, well-maintained wards and strict infection-control measures, which contribute to a safe, comfortable healing environment.
FAQs
1. What specialities are available at Paras Hospital, Panchkula?
Paras Hospital Panchkula offers 29 specialities, including Oncology, Neurosciences, Cardiac Sciences, Orthopaedics, Liver Transplant & GI Surgery, Renal Sciences, Pulmonology, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Plastic Surgery, ENT, Dermatology, Paediatrics, and many more.
2. Is Paras Hospital, Panchkula, NABH-accredited?
Yes, Paras Hospital Panchkula is NABH accredited, reflecting its commitment to patient safety, clinical quality, and international healthcare standards. The hospital’s laboratory is also NABL-accredited.
3. How do I book an appointment at Paras Hospital Panchkula?
You can easily book an appointment at Paras Hospital, Panchkula, through Cancer Rounds by filling out our consultation form. Our team will arrange the appointment with the right specialist and confirm your slot.
4. What types of cancer are treated at Paras Hospital, Panchkula?
The Paras Cancer Centre treats breast cancer, blood cancers (leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma), lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancers, gynaecological cancers, skin cancers, sarcomas, brain tumours, and pancreatic cancer, among others.
5. Does Paras Hospital Panchkula offer bone marrow transplant?
Yes, Paras Hospital Panchkula is nationally recognised as a Pioneer in Stem Cell Transplantation. The hospital performs autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplants for leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and aplastic anaemia.
6. Is robotic surgery available at Paras Hospital Panchkula?
Yes, Paras Hospital Panchkula is equipped with the Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System, offering precision robotic surgeries in urology (prostatectomy, nephrectomy), gynaecology, and joint replacement orthopaedics.
7. Does Paras Hospital Panchkula have international patient support services?
Yes. Through Cancer Rounds, international patients receive full support, including medical visa assistance, airport transfers from Chandigarh, language interpreters, a dedicated coordinator, treatment cost estimates, and discharge planning.
8. What diagnostic technologies are available at Paras Hospital Panchkula?
The hospital offers 3.0 Tesla MRI, 1.5 Tesla MRI, 128-Slice CT, PET Scan, Gamma Camera, Linear Accelerator, EEG/EMG/NCV, DEXA Scan, and a NABL-accredited laboratory, enabling comprehensive in-house diagnostics across all specialties.
9. What is the Paras Hospital Panchkula consultation process through Cancer Rounds?
Cancer Rounds handles the entire process, from sharing medical reports for specialist review, scheduling the consultation, arranging travel logistics, and providing a cost estimate.
10. Does Paras Hospital Panchkula accept insurance?
Yes, Paras Hospital Panchkula accepts all major insurance providers and TPAs, and is CGHS empanelled. Cashless treatment is available subject to policy terms. Domestic and international patients are advised to confirm their insurance coverage before travel.








